What type of hazard is beta radiation primarily associated with?

Beta radiation is primarily associated with external hazards, especially regarding skin and eyes. Beta particles are charged particles that can penetrate human tissue to a certain degree, which means they can cause damage to the skin, potentially leading to burns or other skin injuries. Additionally, because beta particles can be emitted during various radioactive decay processes, they pose a risk not only during direct exposure but also to those who are inadequately shielded.

While beta radiation can indeed pose risks to internal organs if ingested or inhaled (thus linking to internal hazards), this is not its primary association. The whole body dose hazard, while relevant for other types of radiation, does not specifically highlight the unique risks posed by beta emissions to superficial tissues. Moreover, beta radiation is not restricted to areas near nuclear reactors; it can be present in a variety of environments where radioactive materials are handled or stored. Therefore, the association of beta radiation with external hazards affecting the skin and eyes is the most accurate characterization of its primary risk.