Which types of devices are considered Primary Dosimeters?

Primary dosimeters are integral tools used in radiation monitoring to assess the exposure of personnel to ionizing radiation. The correct answer identifies thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeters as primary dosimeters because they provide reliable measurements of radiation dose.

TLDs use materials that absorb and store energy from ionizing radiation, which is then released as light when heated, allowing for precise dose measurement. OSL dosimeters operate on a similar principle, where specific materials are stimulated with light to release stored energy, allowing for the determination of the absorbed radiation dose. Both types are capable of providing quantitative readings over extended periods and are widely used in occupational radiation monitoring.

The other options include various devices that may be used in radiation measurements, but not all qualify as primary dosimeters. For instance, ionization chambers and film badges, though effective in measuring radiation exposure, often serve more in a secondary capacity or as part of a comprehensive monitoring strategy. Self-reading dosimeters and personnel monitors might provide feedback regarding radiation exposure but do not necessarily fall under the definition of primary dosimeters like TLDs or OSLs. Digital scanners and portable monitors are typically used for environmental radiation surveys rather than